The FrOG Tech approach can be implemented at any stage of the geosequestration process. For poorly studied areas, a rapid, large scale assessment can be undertaken in months in order to answer questions like:

• Is the basin deep enough for CCS?
• What is the potential storage volume of CO₂?
• Is the region geologically stable?
• Are there saline aquifers in the basin?
• What is the lithology of the CCS target?
  

For more mature areas, FrOG Tech can provide the scaffolding upon which all future, site specific studies are built. FrOG Tech can provide detailed geological assessment (both near and away from control) of permeability, size and shape of aquifers, porosity, geothermal gradient, connectivity, potential geochemical reactivity and water quality of both aquifers and aquitards. In addition, FrOG Tech can also build scale-appropriate groundwater models for both the basin and aquifer including recharge and discharge estimates.

FrOG Tech can provide the scientific basis to answer questions like:

• What are the primary fluid pathways in the aquifer?
• What is the effect of  heterogeneity within the aquifer/aquitard  on storage security?
• How far will CO₂ migrate over various time periods?
• Where are secondary porosity and permeability found (or not found) in the aquifer/aquitard?
• Will the geological units react with the stored carbon?
• Will the CO2 be in a supercritical state?
  

Example of classifying a basin based on its capacity for geosequestration of carbon. From the Sydney Basin Reservoir Prediction Study.

FrOG Tech has long advocated a bottom-up approach (from the basement to the surface) to building a full, geologically rigourous model of the subsurface including basement structure and composition, tectonics, fault geometry and timing, stratigraphy, lithology, facies architecture etc. All of these factors can alter or control the movement of fluids (oil and gas, groundwater, carbon etc.) in the earth and are therefore key to understanding any risks associated with new developments. FrOG Tech provides key subsurface datasets and a framework for any potential screening or risk-assessment process.